Mass & Balance Questions

Basic Empty Weight (BEW) includes:

Dry Operating Weight (DOW) equals:

Zero Fuel Weight (ZFW) equals:

Takeoff Weight (TOW) equals:

Landing Weight (LW) equals:

The Centre of Gravity (CG) position is calculated by:

The datum is:

MAC stands for:

CG expressed as 25% MAC means the CG is located:

The formula to convert CG position to % MAC is:

If the CG is found to be outside the certified limits:

A forward CG position will:

An aft CG position will:

An aft CG affects fuel consumption by:

The forward CG limit is primarily set by:

The aft CG limit is primarily determined by:

Standard passenger masses (EASA) for adults including hand baggage are:

Standard mass for checked baggage on international flights is:

A Unit Load Device (ULD) is:

The maximum weight of a ULD is limited by:

A load and trim sheet is used to:

On a trim sheet, the index is:

The CG envelope diagram shows:

If both the ZFW CG and the TOW CG are within limits:

Fuel loaded in wing tanks generally moves the CG:

Fuel in a centre tank (between the wings) generally:

Fuel in a tail tank (horizontal stabiliser tank) moves the CG:

The A380 uses fuel transfer to the tail trim tank in order to:

Ballast is used in mass and balance to:

The disadvantage of using ballast is:

If 500 kg of cargo is loaded at a station 2 metres aft of the current CG, the CG will:

The CG shift when adding weight can be calculated as:

Moving 1000 kg from the forward cargo hold to the aft cargo hold will:

When weight is moved within the aircraft, the CG shift equals:

Cargo density is important because:

When a cargo compartment 'bulks out', it means:

Live animals loaded as cargo require:

Dangerous goods affect mass and balance because:

Maximum structural payload is calculated as:

The actual maximum payload may be less than structural payload if:

Fleet mass refers to:

The advantage of using fleet mass over individual aircraft mass is:

To use fleet mass, the individual DOW of each aircraft must be within what tolerance of the fleet mean?

A last-minute change (LMC) refers to:

After a last-minute change, the load sheet must be:

Traffic load consists of:

A moment is defined as:

If an aircraft takes off with the CG at the forward limit, the takeoff distance will:

Landing with a forward CG requires:

The order in which fuel tanks are filled is important because:

The captain is ultimately responsible for:

If all passengers move to the rear of the cabin:

CG limits may vary with:

The takeoff CG envelope and the in-flight CG envelope:

When actual passenger weights are unknown, operators must use:

For small aircraft (fewer than 20 seats), passenger standard masses are:

Floor loading limits are expressed in:

Running load limits (linear load) refer to:

Ramp weight (taxi weight) is:

To move the CG forward, weight should be:

The CG of a body is the point where:

If fuel is burned from wing tanks during flight, the CG typically:

On a B747, fuel in the body tank (centre wing tank) should be used:

The most fuel-efficient CG position is generally:

A CG too far aft may result in:

A computerised loadsheet compared to a manual one:

Heavy indivisible cargo (e.g., engine on a pallet) must be:

If the required fuel load is very large, the maximum allowable payload:

The payload-range diagram shows:

An aircraft loaded at MTOW with CG at the forward limit will have:

A child aged 2-12 is assigned a standard mass of approximately:

Infants (under 2 years) are assigned a standard mass of:

Removing 200 kg of cargo from a position forward of the CG will:

CG limits for takeoff are often:

The trim setting calculated from the loadsheet is used for:

An incorrect trim setting due to wrong CG data could:

Useful load is defined as:

If an aircraft weighs 60,000 kg with CG at station 25.0 m, and 2,000 kg is added at station 30.0 m, the new CG is at:

To calculate the amount of ballast needed to move the CG to a target position:

The LD3 container is commonly used in:

Bulk cargo is loaded:

Fuel density varies with temperature. In a cold climate, a given volume of fuel:

Jet A-1 fuel has a standard density of approximately:

At which CG position is the stall speed highest?

The effect of forward CG on fuel consumption in cruise is:

Ballast is most commonly needed when:

A deadheading crew member boarding after loadsheet completion requires:

If during loading the ZFW exceeds MZFW:

Cargo must be properly restrained to:

An arm (moment arm) is:

The difference between DOW and BEW is:

Aircraft weighing must be carried out at intervals not exceeding:

The CG position affects the required horizontal stabiliser setting because:

Oversized or heavy cargo may require:

Passenger seating distribution affects:

When fuel is consumed in flight, the operating mass:

Maximum Ramp Weight minus maximum taxi fuel equals:

A loaded aircraft with CG within limits at ZFW may go out of limits at TOW if:

The maximum weight for each cargo compartment is found in:

The maximum number of passengers allowed as a last-minute change without a full recalculation is: